一、工业机器人程序代码
VAR robtarget
:声明并初始化位置变量,指定位置和姿态。MoveJ
:关节运动,用于快速移动到目标位置。MoveL
:直线运动,用于精确控制机器人的移动路径。plaintextMoveJ p20, v1000, z50, tool0; MoveL p20, v1000, z50, tool0;
plaintextVAR robtarget pos1 := [[1000,0,500],[1,0,0,0],[0,0,0,0],[9E9,9E9,9E9,9E9,9E9,9E9]]; VAR robtarget pos2 := [[800,200,600],[1,0,0,0],[0,0,0,0],[9E9,9E9,9E9,9E9,9E9,9E9]]; VAR robtarget pos3 := [[600,400,700],[1,0,0,0],[0,0,0,0],[9E9,9E9,9E9,9E9,9E9,9E9]];
PTP
:点到点运动,用于快速移动到目标位置。LIN
:直线运动,用于精确控制机器人的移动路径。运动指令:
plaintextPTP {X 100, Y 200, Z 300, A 0, B 0, C 0} LIN {X 100, Y 200, Z 300, A 0, B 0, C 0} V 1000
二、ROS系统程序代码
订阅者:
rospy.Publisher
和rospy.Subscriber
:用于发布和订阅消息。Topic通信:
python# 发布者import rospyfrom std_msgs.msg import Stringdef talker(): pub = rospy.Publisher('chatter', String, queue_size=10) rospy.init_node('talker', anonymous=True) rate = rospy.Rate(10) # 10hz while not rospy.is_shutdown(): hello_str = "hello world %s" % rospy.get_time() rospy.loginfo(hello_str) pub.publish(hello_str) rate.sleep()if __name__ == '__main__': try: talker() except rospy.ROSInterruptException: pass
pythonimport rospyfrom std_msgs.msg import Stringdef callback(data): rospy.loginfo(rospy.get_caller_id() + "I heard %s", data.data)def listener(): rospy.init_node('listener', anonymous=True) rospy.Subscriber("chatter", String, callback) rospy.spin()if __name__ == '__main__': listener()
actionlib.SimpleActionClient
:用于发送导航目标。导航:
pythonimport rospyimport actionlibfrom move_base_msgs.msg import MoveBaseAction, MoveBaseGoaldef movebase_client(): client = actionlib.SimpleActionClient('move_base', MoveBaseAction) client.wait_for_server() goal = MoveBaseGoal() goal.target_pose.header.frame_id = "map" goal.target_pose.header.stamp = rospy.Time.now() goal.target_pose.pose.position.x = 1.0 goal.target_pose.pose.position.y = 2.0 goal.target_pose.pose.orientation.w = 1.0 client.send_goal(goal) wait = client.wait_for_result() if not wait: rospy.logerr("Action server not available!") rospy.signal_shutdown("Action server not available!") else: return client.get_result()if __name__ == '__main__': try: rospy.init_node('movebase_client_py') result = movebase_client() if result: rospy.loginfo("Goal execution done!") except rospy.ROSInterruptException: rospy.loginfo("Navigation test finished.")
三、教育机器人程序代码
Motor
:电机控制类,用于控制机器人的移动。机器人走“∞”字形:
python# 功能:机器人走“∞”字形# 实验目的:练习顺序编程结构的同时,学习控制机器人的行走# 用到的部件:电机# 扩展:可以让机器人走四边形、三角形、之字形甚至波浪前行def move_infinity(): # 初始化电机 motor_left = Motor('left') motor_right = Motor('right') # 定义移动函数 def move_forward(): motor_left.forward(100) motor_right.forward(100) def move_backward(): motor_left.backward(100) motor_right.backward(100) def turn_left(): motor_left.backward(100) motor_right.forward(100) def turn_right(): motor_left.forward(100) motor_right.backward(100) # 执行“∞”字形路径 move_forward() time.sleep(1) turn_left() time.sleep(1) move_backward() time.sleep(1) turn_right() time.sleep(1)if __name__ == '__main__': move_infinity()
RPi.GPIO
:用于控制树莓派的GPIO引脚,实现电机控制。基础控制代码:
pythonimport RPi.GPIO as GPIOimport time# 设置GPIO模式GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)# 定义电机控制引脚motor_left_forward = 17motor_left_backward = 27motor_right_forward = 23motor_right_backward = 24# 设置引脚为输出模式GPIO.setup(motor_left_forward, GPIO.OUT)GPIO.setup(motor_left_backward, GPIO.OUT)GPIO.setup(motor_right_forward, GPIO.OUT)GPIO.setup(motor_right_backward, GPIO.OUT)# 定义电机控制函数def move_forward(): GPIO.output(motor_left_forward, True) GPIO.output(motor_right_forward, True) time.sleep(1) GPIO.output(motor_left_forward, False) GPIO.output(motor_right_forward, False)def move_backward(): GPIO.output(motor_left_backward, True) GPIO.output(motor_right_backward, True) time.sleep(1) GPIO.output(motor_left_backward, False) GPIO.output(motor_right_backward, False)# 执行移动move_forward()move_backward()# 清理GPIOGPIO.cleanup()